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Meagan Fitzpatrick

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Dr. Fitzpatrick joined the faculty of the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD) in 2017. She conducted her doctoral training at the Yale School of Public Health, with the Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis (CIDMA). Her research focuses primarily on the evaluation of infectious disease control strategies, with an emphasis on vaccination. Dr. Fitzpatrick develops dynamic transmission models to assess the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of these control policies, and applies optimization strategies to identify potential avenues for improvment. Furthermore, Dr. Fitzpatrick's work uses interdisciplinary methods to analyze how parameter uncertainty impacts the optimal decision. Dr. Fitzpatrick is currently focusing on improving vaccination policies against rotavirus and pertussis. She has conducted research addressing a wide range of additional pathogens including rabies, influenza, HIV, Zika, and Ebola.

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Papers

Gilmore AC, Liang Y, Galbreath IM, Hobbs LK, LaRocco AM, Ludeman EM, Fitzpatrick MC, Friedman L, Warshawsky BF, Kwong JC, Neuzil KM, Ortiz JR. (2026). Indirect Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Under Randomized Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Peterson B, Nguyen W, Haroun LM, Oumarou F, Arzika AM, Maliki R, Amza A, Alio K, Gallo N, Aichatou B, Sara II, Beidi D, Kahn JG, Bertozzi SM, Lebas E, Arnold BF, Lietman TM, O'Brien KS, Fitzpatrick MC, . (2026). Micro-costing for national-scale azithromycin mass drug administration to improve child survival in Niger. PLOS global public health, 6(6)

Wells CR, Pandey A, Ye Y, Bawden C, Giglio R, Wong C, Wang V, Cipriano C, Ayaz L, Röst G, Moghadas SM, Fitzpatrick MC, Singer BH, Galvani AP. (2026). The health and economic repercussions of declining MMR coverage in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 123(17)

Ye Y, Pandey A, Fitzpatrick MC, Potter-Schwartz L, Bawden C, Bilori B, Singer BH, Galvani AP. (2026). Estimating US savings on outpatient prescription pharmaceuticals from international reference pricing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 123(2)

Arzika AM, Maliki R, Amza A, Karamba A, Gallo N, Aichatou B, Sara II, Beidi D, Haroun LM, Oumarou F, Brandt C, Peterson B, Lebas E, Colby E, Nguyen W, Liu Z, Arnold BF, Lietman TM, Fitzpatrick MC, O'Brien KS. (2025). Costs, Coverage, and Acceptability of Azithromycin Mass Administration to Children 1-11 Versus 1-59 Months Old to Reduce Mortality: A Cluster-Randomized Trial in Niger. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

Luo W, Wu X, Li R, Fitzpatrick M, Charurat M, Blanco N, Stafford KA, Naranbhai V, Abimiku A, Winters A, , Xiong C. (2025). Variant patterns and influence of inter-regional travel during the SARS-CoV-2 expansion in South Africa. PloS one, 20(11)

Fitzpatrick MC, Wells CR, Pandey A, Ayaz L, Hotez PJ, Moghadas SM, Galvani AP. (2025). School-Level Gaps in MMR Coverage as the Fuel for Measles Outbreaks. Annals of internal medicine

Wells CR, Pandey A, Moghadas SM, Fitzpatrick MC, Singer BH, Galvani AP. (2024). Evaluation of Strategies for Transitioning to Annual SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Campaigns in the United States. Annals of internal medicine

Pandey A, Fitzpatrick MC, Singer BH, Galvani AP. (2024). Mortality and morbidity ramifications of proposed retractions in healthcare coverage for the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 121(18)

Pandey A, Fitzpatrick MC, Moghadas SM, Vilches TN, Ko C, Vasan A, Galvani AP. (2023). Modelling the impact of a high-uptake bivalent booster scenario on the COVID-19 burden and healthcare costs in New York City. Lancet regional health. Americas, (24)

Ortiz JR, Laufer RS, Brunwasser SM, Coulibaly F, Diallo F, Doumbia M, Driscoll AJ, Fell DB, Haidara FC, Hartert TV, Keita AM, Neuzil KM, Snyder BM, Sow S, Fitzpatrick MC. (2023). Model-estimated impacts of pediatric respiratory syncytial virus prevention programs in Mali on asthma prevalence. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global, 2(2)

Fitzpatrick MC, Moghadas SM, Vilches TN, Shah A, Pandey A, Galvani AP. (2023). Estimated US Pediatric Hospitalizations and School Absenteeism Associated With Accelerated COVID-19 Bivalent Booster Vaccination. JAMA network open, 6(5)

Moghadas SM, Shoukat A, Bawden CE, Langley JM, Singer BH, Fitzpatrick MC, Galvani AP. (2023). Cost-effectiveness of Prefusion F Protein-based Vaccines Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease for Older Adults in the United States. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Driscoll AJ, Haidara FC, Tapia MD, Deichsel EL, Samake OS, Bocoum T, Bailey JA, Fitzpatrick MC, Goldenberg RL, Kodio M, Moulton LH, Nasrin D, Onwuchekwa U, Shaffer AM, Sow SO, Kotloff KL. (2023). Antenatal, intrapartum and infant azithromycin to prevent stillbirths and infant deaths: study protocol for SANTE, a 2×2 factorial randomised controlled trial in Mali. BMJ open, 13(8)

Fitzpatrick MC, Laufer RS, Baral R, Driscoll AJ, Feikin DR, Fleming JA, Jit M, Kim S, Koltai M, Li Y, Li X, Nair H, Neuzil KM, Pecenka C, Sparrow E, Srikantiah P, Ortiz JR. (2023). Report of the WHO technical consultation on the evaluation of respiratory syncytial virus prevention cost effectiveness in low- and middle-income countries, April 7-8, 2022. Vaccine

Arzika AM, Maliki R, Amza A, Karamba A, Gallo N, Aichatou B, Sara II, Beidi D, Haroun LM, Oumarou F, Lebas E, Peterson B, Colby E, Nguyen W, Liu Z, Fitzpatrick MC, Arnold BF, Lietman TM, O'Brien KS, . (2023). Comparison of door-to-door and fixed-point delivery of azithromycin distribution for child survival in Niger: A cluster-randomized trial. PLOS global public health, 3(11)

Laufer RS, Baral R, Buchwald AG, Campbell JD, Coulibaly F, Diallo F, Doumbia M, Driscoll AJ, Galvani AP, Keita AM, Neuzil KM, Sow S, Pecenka C, Ortiz JR, Fitzpatrick MC. (2023). Optimizing next-generation RSV prevention in Mali: A cost-effectiveness analysis of pediatric vaccination, maternal vaccination, and extended half-life monoclonal antibody immunoprophylaxis. PLOS global public health, 3(5)

Giardina J, Bilinski A, Fitzpatrick MC, Kendall EA, Linas BP, Salomon J, Ciaranello AL. (2022). Model-Estimated Association Between Simulated US Elementary School-Related SARS-CoV-2 Transmission, Mitigation Interventions, and Vaccine Coverage Across Local Incidence Levels. JAMA network open, 5(2)

Du Z, Wang L, Bai Y, Wang X, Pandey A, Fitzpatrick MC, Chinazzi M, Pastore Y Piontti A, Hupert N, Lachmann M, Vespignani A, Galvani AP, Cowling BJ, Meyers LA. (2022). Cost-effective proactive testing strategies during COVID-19 mass vaccination: A modelling study. Lancet Regional Health. Americas, (8)

Bilinski A, Ciaranello A, Fitzpatrick MC, Giardina J, Shah M, Salomon JA, Kendall EA. (2022). Estimated Transmission Outcomes and Costs of SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic Testing, Screening, and Surveillance Strategies Among a Simulated Population of Primary School Students. JAMA pediatrics

Campbell T, Galvani AP, Friedman G, Fitzpatrick MC. (2022). Exacerbation of COVID-19 mortality by the fragmented United States healthcare system: A retrospective observational study. Lancet Regional Health. Americas, (12)

Galvani AP, Parpia AS, Pandey A, Sah P, Colón K, Friedman G, Campbell T, Kahn JG, Singer BH, Fitzpatrick MC. (2022). Universal healthcare as pandemic preparedness: The lives and costs that could have been saved during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(25)

Savinkina A, Bilinski A, Fitzpatrick M, Paltiel AD, Rizvi Z, Salomon J, Thornhill T, Gonsalves G. (2022). Estimating deaths averted and cost per life saved by scaling up mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in low-income and lower-middle-income countries in the COVID-19 Omicron variant era: a modelling study. BMJ open, 12(9)

Wells CR, Pandey A, Fitzpatrick MC, Crystal WS, Singer BH, Moghadas SM, Galvani AP, Townsend JP. (2022). Quarantine and testing strategies to ameliorate transmission due to travel during the COVID-19 pandemic: a modelling study. The Lancet regional health. Europe

Vilches TN, Moghadas SM, Sah P, Fitzpatrick MC, Shoukat A, Pandey A, Galvani AP. (2022). Estimating COVID-19 Infections, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Following the US Vaccination Campaigns During the Pandemic. JAMA network open, 5(1)

Vilches TN, Sah P, Moghadas SM, Shoukat A, Fitzpatrick MC, Hotez PJ, Schneider EC, Galvani AP. (2022). COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths averted under an accelerated vaccination program in northeastern and southern regions of the USA. Lancet Regional Health. Americas, (6)

Friedman-Klabanoff AJ, Fitzpatrick MC, Deming ME, Agrawal V, Sitar S, Schaafsma T, Brown E, Neuzil KM, Barnabas RV, Laufer MK, . (2022). Risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition is associated with individual exposure but not community-level transmission. The Journal of infectious diseases

Moghadas SM, Fitzpatrick MC, Shoukat A, Zhang K, Galvani AP. (2021). Simulated Identification of Silent COVID-19 Infections Among Children and Estimated Future Infection Rates With Vaccination. JAMA network open, 4(4)

Sah P, Vilches TN, Moghadas SM, Fitzpatrick MC, Singer BH, Hotez PJ, Galvani AP. (2021). Accelerated vaccine rollout is imperative to mitigate highly transmissible COVID-19 variants. EClinicalMedicine, (35)

Moghadas SM, Vilches TN, Zhang K, Wells CR, Shoukat A, Singer BH, Meyers LA, Neuzil KM, Langley JM, Fitzpatrick MC, Galvani AP. (2021). The impact of vaccination on COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Parpia AS, Martinez I, El-Sayed AM, Wells CR, Myers L, Duncan J, Collins J, Fitzpatrick MC, Galvani AP, Pandey A. (2021). Racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality across Michigan, United States. EClinicalMedicine, (33)

Wells CR, Pandey A, Fitzpatrick MC, Crystal WS, Singer BH, Moghadas SM, Galvani AP, Townsend JP. (2021). Quarantine and testing strategies to ameliorate transmission due to travel during the COVID-19 pandemic. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

Laufer RS, Driscoll AJ, Baral R, Buchwald AG, Campbell JD, Coulibaly F, Diallo F, Doumbia M, Galvani AP, Haidara FC, Kotloff KL, Keita AM, Neuzil KM, Orenstein EW, Orenstein LAV, Pecenka C, Sow S, Tapia MD, Ortiz JR, Fitzpatrick MC. (2021). Cost-effectiveness of infant respiratory syncytial virus preventive interventions in Mali: A modeling study to inform policy and investment decisions. Vaccine

Fitzpatrick MC, Galvani AP. (2021). Optimizing age-specific vaccination. Science (New York, N.Y.)

Moghadas SM, Vilches TN, Zhang K, Nourbakhsh S, Sah P, Fitzpatrick MC, Galvani AP. (2021). Evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination strategies with a delayed second dose. PLoS biology, 19(4)

Ortiz JR, Robertson J, Hsu JS, Yu SL, Driscoll AJ, Williams SR, Chen WH, Fitzpatrick MC, Sow S, Biellik RJ, Neuzil KM. (2021). The potential effects of deploying SARS-Cov-2 vaccines on cold storage capacity and immunization workload in countries of the WHO African Region. Vaccine

Giardina J, Bilinski A, Fitzpatrick MC, Kendall EA, Linas BP, Salomon J, Ciaranello AL. (2021). Model-estimated relationship between elementary school-related SARS-CoV-2 transmission, mitigation interventions, and vaccination coverage across community incidence levels. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

Sah P, Vilches TN, Shoukat A, Pandey A, Fitzpatrick MC, Moghadas SM, Galvani AP. (2021). Quantifying the potential for dominant spread of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.351 in the United States. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

Yamin D, Kahana D, Shahmoon E, Fitzpatrick MC, Galvani AP. (2021). Influenza vaccination should have no border: cost-effectiveness of cross-border subsidy. BMC public health, 21(1)

Sah P, Fitzpatrick MC, Zimmer CF, Abdollahi E, Juden-Kelly L, Moghadas SM, Singer BH, Galvani AP. (2021). Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(34)

Bilinski A, Ciaranello A, Fitzpatrick MC, Giardina J, Shah M, Salomon JA, Kendall EA. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies to contain school-associated transmission: model-based analysis of impact and cost of diagnostic testing, screening, and surveillance. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

Bilinski A, Salomon JA, Giardina J, Ciaranello A, Fitzpatrick MC. (2021). Passing the Test: A Model-Based Analysis of Safe School-Reopening Strategies. Annals of internal medicine

Moghadas SM, Fitzpatrick MC, Shoukat A, Zhang K, Galvani AP. (2021). Identifying silent COVID-19 infections among children is critical for controlling the pandemic. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

Wells CR, Townsend JP, Pandey A, Moghadas SM, Krieger G, Singer B, McDonald RH, Fitzpatrick MC, Galvani AP. (2021). Optimal COVID-19 quarantine and testing strategies. Nature communications, 12(1)

Du Z, Pandey A, Bai Y, Fitzpatrick MC, Chinazzi M, Pastore Y Piontti A, Lachmann M, Vespignani A, Cowling BJ, Galvani AP, Meyers LA. (2021). Comparative cost-effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies in the USA: a modelling study. The Lancet. Public health

Fitzpatrick MC, Galvani AP. (2020). The effect of Medicare for All on rural hospitals - Authors' reply. Lancet, 396(10260)

Galvani AP, Fitzpatrick MC. (2020). Cost-effectiveness of transitional US plans for universal health care. Lancet, 395(10238)

Wells CR, Huppert A, Fitzpatrick MC, Pandey A, Velan B, Singer BH, Bauch CT, Galvani AP. (2020). Prosocial polio vaccination in Israel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Ortiz JR, Robertson J, Hsu JS, Yu SL, Driscoll AJ, Williams SR, Chen WH, Fitzpatrick MC, Sow S, Biellik RJ, Okwo-Bele JM, Neuzil KM. (2020). The operational impact of deploying SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in countries of the WHO African Region. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

Wells CR, Fitzpatrick MC, Sah P, Shoukat A, Pandey A, El-Sayed AM, Singer BH, Moghadas SM, Galvani AP. (2020). Projecting the demand for ventilators at the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA. The Lancet. Infectious diseases

Fitzpatrick MC, Pandey A, Wells CR, Sah P, Galvani AP. (2021). Buyer beware: inflated claims of sensitivity for rapid COVID-19 tests. Lancet, 397(10268)

Galvani AP, Parpia AS, Pandey A, Zimmer C, Kahn JG, Fitzpatrick MC. (2020). The imperative for universal healthcare to curtail the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA. EClinicalMedicine

Galvani AP, Parpia AS, Foster EM, Singer BH, Fitzpatrick MC. (2020). Improving the prognosis of health care in the USA. Lancet, 395(10223)

Moghadas SM, Fitzpatrick MC, Sah P, Pandey A, Shoukat A, Singer BH, Galvani AP. (2020). The implications of silent transmission for the control of COVID-19 outbreaks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Alfaro-Murillo JA, Ávila-Agüero ML, Fitzpatrick MC, Crystal CJ, Falleiros-Arlant LH, Galvani AP. (2020). The case for replacing live oral polio vaccine with inactivated vaccine in the Americas. Lancet, 395(10230)

Moghadas SM, Shoukat A, Fitzpatrick MC, Wells CR, Sah P, Pandey A, Sachs JD, Wang Z, Meyers LA, Singer BH, Galvani AP. (2020). Projecting hospital utilization during the COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

España G, Yao Y, Anderson KB, Fitzpatrick MC, Smith DL, Morrison AC, Wilder-Smith A, Scott TW, Perkins TA. (2019). Model-based assessment of public health impact and cost-effectiveness of dengue vaccination following screening for prior exposure. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 13(7)

Wells CR, Pandey A, Parpia AS, Fitzpatrick MC, Meyers LA, Singer BH, Galvani AP. (2019). Ebola vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(20)

Pandey A, Fitzpatrick MC, Galvani AP. (2019). Metrics and benchmarks for HIV transition - Authors' reply. The lancet. HIV, 6(3)

Fitzpatrick MC, Bauch CT, Townsend JP, Galvani AP. (2019). Modelling microbial infection to address global health challenges. Nature microbiology, 4(10)

Beyene TJ, Fitzpatrick MC, Galvani AP, Mourits MCM, Revie CW, Cernicchiaro N, Sanderson MW, Hogeveen H. (2019). Impact of One-Health framework on vaccination cost-effectiveness: A case study of rabies in Ethiopia. One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands), (8)

Craig R, Kunkel E, Crowcroft NS, Fitzpatrick MC, de Melker H, Althouse BM, Merkel T, Scarpino SV, Koelle K, Friedman L, Arnold C, Bolotin S. (2019). Asymptomatic Infection and Transmission of Pertussis in Households: A Systematic Review. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 70(1)

Fitzpatrick MC, Gray GE, Galvani AP. (2018). The Challenge of Vanquishing HIV for the Next Generation-Facing the Future. JAMA pediatrics, 172(7)

Galvani AP, Pandey A, Fitzpatrick MC, Medlock J, Gray GE. (2018). Defining control of HIV epidemics. The lancet. HIV, 5(11)

Durham DP, Fitzpatrick MC, Ndeffo-Mbah ML, Parpia AS, Michael NL, Galvani AP. (2018). Evaluating Vaccination Strategies for Zika Virus in the Americas. Annals of internal medicine, 168(9)

Sah P, Medlock J, Fitzpatrick MC, Singer BH, Galvani AP. (2018). Optimizing the impact of low-efficacy influenza vaccines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(20)

Sah P, Fitzpatrick MC, Pandey A, Galvani AP. (2017). HIV criminalization exacerbates subpar diagnosis and treatment across the United States: response to the 'Association of HIV diagnosis rates and laws criminalizing HIV exposure in the United States'. AIDS (London, England), 31(17)

Galvani AP, Durham DP, Vermund SH, Fitzpatrick MC. (2017). California Universal Health Care Bill: an economic stimulus and life-saving proposal. Lancet, 390(10106)

Galvani AP, Fitzpatrick MC, Vermund SH, Singer BH. (2017). Fund global health: Save lives and money. Science (New York, N.Y.), 356(6342)

Fitzpatrick MC, Singer BH, Hotez PJ, Galvani AP. (2017). Saving lives efficiently across sectors: the need for a Congressional cost-effectiveness committee. Lancet, 390(10110)

Alfaro-Murillo JA, Parpia AS, Fitzpatrick MC, Tamagnan JA, Medlock J, Ndeffo-Mbah ML, Fish D, Ávila-Agüero ML, Marín R, Ko AI, Galvani AP. (2016). A Cost-Effectiveness Tool for Informing Policies on Zika Virus Control. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 10(5)

DeAngelis H, Scarpino SV, Fitzpatrick MC, Galvani AP, Althouse BM. (2016). Epidemiological and Economic Effects of Priming With the Whole-Cell Bordetella pertussis Vaccine. JAMA pediatrics, 170(5)

Fitzpatrick MC, Shah HA, Pandey A, Bilinski AM, Kakkar M, Clark AD, Townsend JP, Abbas SS, Galvani AP. (2016). One Health approach to cost-effective rabies control in India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(51)

Fitzpatrick MC, Wenzel NS, Scarpino SV, Althouse BM, Atkins KE, Galvani AP, Townsend JP. (2016). Cost-effectiveness of next-generation vaccines: The case of pertussis. Vaccine, 34(29)

Atkins KE, Fitzpatrick MC, Galvani AP, Townsend JP. (2016). Cost-Effectiveness of Pertussis Vaccination During Pregnancy in the United States. American journal of epidemiology, 183(12)

Bilinski AM, Fitzpatrick MC, Rupprecht CE, Paltiel AD, Galvani AP. (2016). Optimal frequency of rabies vaccination campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings. Biological sciences, 283(1842)

Dunn JM, Krause PJ, Davis S, Vannier EG, Fitzpatrick MC, Rollend L, Belperron AA, States SL, Stacey A, Bockenstedt LK, Fish D, Diuk-Wasser MA. (2014). Borrelia burgdorferi promotes the establishment of Babesia microti in the northeastern United States. PloS one, 9(12)

Fitzpatrick MC, Hampson K, Cleaveland S, Mzimbiri I, Lankester F, Lembo T, Meyers LA, Paltiel AD, Galvani AP. (2014). Cost-effectiveness of canine vaccination to prevent human rabies in rural Tanzania. Annals of internal medicine, 160(2)

Fitzpatrick MC, Hampson K, Cleaveland S, Meyers LA, Townsend JP, Galvani AP. (2012). Potential for rabies control through dog vaccination in wildlife-abundant communities of Tanzania. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 6(8)

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