Paper Information

A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library. An excel data collection tool was used for collecting the required data. Pooled estimates of effectiveness were calculated through random-effects meta-analysis model using odds ratio (OR) and risk ratio (RR) as summary measures. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools, and publication bias was evaluated. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.

 = 17.7%) respectively. Exploratory analysis suggested a lower incidence of active TB with 3HP compared to 9H; however, the difference was not statistically significant (RR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.16-1.38; moderate certainty).

The shorter 3HP regimen is associated with higher treatment completion and lower hepatotoxicity compared to 9H, with evidence on progression to active TB remains exploratory and imprecise. Limited evidence on 6H showed improved treatment completion with 3HP. These findings should be interpreted cautiously as most evidence was derived from heterogeneous observational studies, and the certainty of evidence for main outcomes was low to very low.

Not applicable.

Globally, multiple TB preventive treatment (TPT) regimens are available for Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) and implementing TPT is essential for achieving TB elimination. Standard treatments for LTBI include 9 and 6-month isoniazid monotherapy (9H and 6H) regimens, recent clinical trials also introduced the shorter once-weekly 3-month isoniazid plus rifapentine (3HP) regimen. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of 3HP in adults, we performed a comprehensive synthesis on the clinical effectiveness (treatment completion, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and exploratory analysis of incident active TB) of the 3HP regimen compared with 9H and 6H.